I-Geotextile, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-geotextile, yimathiriyeli ye-geosynthetic engenekayo eyenziwe ngeentsinga zokwenziwa ngokuhlatywa ngenaliti okanye ngokulukwa.I-Geotextile yenye yezinto ezintsha ze-geosynthetic.Imveliso egqityiweyo ifana nengubo, kunye nobubanzi obuqhelekileyo beemitha ezi-4-6 kunye nobude beemitha ezingama-50-100.I-Geotextiles yahlulwe yaba yi-geotextiles elukiweyo kunye ne-non-woven filament geotextiles.
Iimbonakalo
1. Amandla aphezulu, ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwemicu yeplastiki, inokugcina amandla okwaneleyo kunye nobude kwiimeko ezimanzi nezomileyo.
2. Ukumelana nokubola, ukuxhathisa i-corrosion ixesha elide emhlabeni kunye namanzi ane-pH eyahlukileyo.
3. Ukungena kakuhle kwamanzi Kukho izikhewu phakathi kwemicu, ngoko ke inokungena kakuhle kwamanzi.
4. Iimpawu ezilungileyo ze-anti-microbial, akukho monakalo kwi-microorganisms kunye namanundu.
5. Ulwakhiwo lufanelekile.Ngenxa yokuba izinto eziphathekayo zilula kwaye zithambile, zilungele ukuthutha, ukubeka kunye nokwakhiwa.
6. Iinkcukacha ezipheleleyo: Ububanzi bunokufikelela kwiimitha ezili-9.Yeyona mveliso ibanzi eTshayina, ubunzima kwiyunithi yendawo: 100-1000g/m2
1: Ukuba wedwa
I-Polyester i-fiber staple-punched geotextiles isetyenziselwa izinto zokwakha ezineempawu zomzimba ezahlukeneyo (ubungakanani bamasuntswana, ukusabalalisa, ukungaguquguquki kunye nobuninzi, njl.
izixhobo (ezifana nomhlaba kunye nesanti, umhlaba kunye nekhonkrithi, njl.njl.) ukuze zibekwe zodwa.Yenza izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu azibaleki, musa ukudibanisa, gcina izinto
Ulwakhiwo jikelele kunye nomsebenzi wezinto eziphathekayo kwandisa amandla okuthwala isakhiwo.
2: Uhluzo (uhluzo lomva)
Xa amanzi ephuma kumaleko womhlaba ocolekileyo esiya kumaleko omhlaba orhabaxa, ukungeneka komoya okulungileyo kunye nokungeneka kwamanzi kwepolyester staple fiber needle-punched geotextile kusetyenziswa ukwenza amanzi ahambe.
Ngokusebenzisa, kunye nokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo amasuntswana omhlaba, isanti entle, amatye amancinci, njl., Ukugcina uzinzo lobunjineli bomhlaba namanzi.
3: Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi
I-Polyester i-fiber staple-punched geotextile inokuhanjiswa kakuhle kwamanzi, inokwenza imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi ngaphakathi komhlaba,
Ulwelo oluseleyo kunye negesi ziyakhutshwa.
4: Ukomelezwa
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyester i-fiber staple staple-punched geotextile ukwandisa amandla okuqina kunye nokukwazi ukuchasana nokuguqulwa komhlaba, ukwandisa uzinzo lwesakhiwo sokwakha, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwesakhiwo sokwakha.
Umgangatho olungileyo womhlaba.
5: Ukhuseleko
Xa ukuqukuqela kwamanzi kugutyula umhlaba, usasazeke ngokufanelekileyo, ugqithise okanye ubolise uxinezeleko olugxininisiweyo, uthintele umhlaba ukuba ungonakaliswe ngamandla angaphandle, kwaye ukhusela umhlaba.
6: Anti-puncture
Idityaniswe ne-geomembrane, iba yinto edibeneyo engenamanzi kunye ne-anti-seepage material, edlala indima yokuchasana ne-puncture.
Amandla okuqina aphezulu, ukungena kakuhle, ukungena komoya, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nomkhenkce, ukumelana nokwaluphala, ukunganyangeki komhlwa, akutyiwa linundu.
I-Polyester isitaple fiber inaliti-punched geotextile sisixhobo se-geosynthetic esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekomelezeni umgaqo kaloliwe ongaphantsi kunye nendlela yabahambi ngeenyawo
Ukugcinwa kweeholo zemidlalo, ukukhuselwa kwamadama, ukubekwa zodwa kwezakhiwo ze-hydraulic, itonela, i-mudflats elunxwemeni, ukulungiswa kwakhona, ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nezinye iiprojekthi.
Iimbonakalo
Ubunzima bokukhanya, ixabiso eliphantsi, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukusebenza okugqwesileyo njengokuchasana nokuhluzwa, ukukhutshwa kwamanzi, ukuhlukaniswa kunye nokuqiniswa.
Sebenzisa
Isetyenziswa kakhulu kugcino lwamanzi, amandla ombane, umgodi, uhola wendlela kunye nololiwe kunye nobunye ubunjineli be-geotechnical:
l.Izinto zokuhluza zokwahlula umaleko womhlaba;
2. Izinto zokuhambisa amanzi okwenziwa kweeminerali kwiindawo zokugcina amanzi kunye nemigodi, kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa amanzi kwiziseko eziphakamileyo zokwakha;
3. Izinto ezichasene ne-scour kumadama emilambo kunye nokukhusela i-slope;
4. Ukuqinisa izixhobo zikaloliwe, oohola bendlela, neenqwelo-moya zeenqwelo-moya, nokwakhiwa kweendlela kwiindawo ezinemigxobhozo;
5. I-Anti-frost kunye ne-anti-freeze yokufakelwa kwe-thermal;
6. Izinto ezichasene nokuqhekeka kwipavumente ye-asphalt.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-geotextile kulwakhiwo
(1) Isetyenziselwa ukuqinisa ekuzalweni kweendonga ezigcinayo, okanye njengeephaneli zokuqinisa iindonga ezibambeleyo.Ukwakhiwa kweendonga zokugcina ezisongelweyo okanye i-abutments.
(2) Yomeleza indlela yabahambi ngeenyawo eguquguqukayo, lungisa iintanda zendlela, yaye uthintele indlela yabahambi ngeenyawo ingabonakalisi iintanda.
(3) Yandisa uzinzo lwamathambeka egrabile kunye nomhlaba owomeleziweyo ukuthintela ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nomonakalo womkhenkce womhlaba kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
(4) Umaleko wokuzihlukanisa phakathi kwe-ballast yendlela kunye ne-subgrade, okanye umaleko wokuzihlukanisa phakathi kwe-subgrade kunye ne-soft subgrade.
5Ukuchasana nokuhluzwa kunye nokuqiniswa.
(6) Umaleko wesihluzo somphezulu wedama onyukayo kwinqanaba lokuqala ledama lokugcina uthuthu okanye idama leentsalela zezimbiwa, kunye nomaleko wesihluzo senkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi kwindawo engasemva yodonga olugcinayo.
(7) Umaleko wesihluzo ojikeleze umjelo wamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye ojikeleze umjelo wangaphantsi wegrabile.
(8) Umaleko wesihluzi semithombo yamanzi, imithombo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo okanye imibhobho ebhobhozayo kwiiprojekthi zogcino lwamanzi.
(9) Umaleko wokwahlula we-geotextile phakathi kweendlela, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya, imizila kaloliwe kunye neerockfill ezenziweyo kunye neziseko.
(10) Umjelo othe nkqo okanye othe tyaba ngaphakathi kwidama lomhlaba, ungcwatywe emhlabeni ukuze uchithe uxinzelelo lwamanzi emingxuma.
(11) Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngasemva kwe-geomembrane echasene ne-seepage kumadama omhlaba okanye kungqameko lomhlaba okanye phantsi kwesigqubuthelo sekhonkrithi.
(12) Ukuphelisa i-seepage ejikeleze i-tunnel, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi lwangaphandle kwi-lining kunye ne-sepage ejikeleze izakhiwo.
(13) Ukuthuthwa kwamanzi kwibala lemidlalo elisisiseko sokwenziwa.
(14) Iindlela (kubandakanywa neendlela zexeshana), oololiwe, imigubasi, amadama omhlaba, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, amabala emidlalo nezinye iiprojekthi zisetyenziselwa ukomeleza iziseko ezibuthathaka.
Ukubekwa kwe-geotextiles
Indawo yokwakhiwa kweFilament geotextile
Imiqulu ye-geotextile kufuneka ikhuselwe kumonakalo ngaphambi kokufakwa kunye nokuthunyelwa.Imiqulu ye-geotextile kufuneka ifakwe kwindawo edibeneyo kwaye ikhululekile ekuqokeleleni kwamanzi, kwaye ukuphakama kwe-stacking akufanele kudlule ukuphakama kwemiqulu emine, kwaye ishidi lokuchongwa kwe-roll lingabonwa.Imiqulu ye-geotextile kufuneka igqunywe ngezinto ezi-opaque ukuthintela ukuguga kwe-UV.Ngexesha logcino, gcina iileyibhile zingaguquki kunye nedatha ingaguquki.Imiqulu ye-geotextile kufuneka ikhuselwe emonakalweni ngexesha lokuthutha (kubandakanywa nokuthuthwa kwendawo ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina izinto ukuya emsebenzini).
Iiroli ze-geotextile ezonakele ngokwasemzimbeni kufuneka zilungiswe.I-geotextiles enxibe kakhulu ayinakusetyenziswa.Naziphi na ii-geotextiles ezidibana neekhemikhali ezivuzayo azivumelekanga ukuba zisetyenziswe kule projekthi.
Indlela yokubeka i-geotextile:
1. Ukuqulunqa ngesandla, umphezulu wengubo kufuneka ube tyaba, kwaye isibonelelo esifanelekileyo sokuguqulwa kufuneka sigcinwe.
2. Ukufakwa kwe-filament okanye i-filament filament geotextiles ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokudibanisa i-lap, ukuthunga kunye ne-welding.Ububanzi bokuthunga kunye nokuwelda ngokuqhelekileyo bungaphezulu kwe-0.1m, kwaye ububanzi be-lap joint ngokuqhelekileyo bungaphezulu kwe-0.2m.I-Geotextiles enokuthi ivezwe ixesha elide kufuneka idityaniswe okanye ithungwe.
3. Ukuthungwa kwe-geotextile:
Konke ukuthungwa makuqhubeke (umz., ukuthungwa kwamanqaku akuvumelekanga).Ii-geotextiles kufuneka zigqithe ubuncinane nge-150mm phambi kokudibana.Umgama omncinci wokuthunga ubuncinci ubuncinci be-25mm ukusuka kwi-selvedge (umda ocacileyo wezinto eziphathekayo).
Imithungo ye-geotextile ethungiweyo ubukhulu becala ibandakanya umqolo om-1 wemithungo yekhonkco lokutshixa.Umsonto osetyenziselwa ukuthunga kufuneka ube yinto ye-resin ene-tension encinci edlula i-60N, kwaye ibe nokumelana neekhemikhali kunye nokumelana ne-ultraviolet elingana okanye edlulayo ye-geotextiles.
Nayiphi na "imithungo elahlekileyo" kwi-geotextile ethungelweyo kufuneka iphinde ifakwe kwindawo echaphazelekayo.
Amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe ukukhusela umhlaba, i-particle okanye into yangaphandle ekungeneni kwi-geotextile layer emva kokufakwa.
Umjikelo welaphu unokwahlulwa ube yilap yendalo, i-seam okanye i-welding ngokwendawo kunye nomsebenzi wokusetyenziswa.
4. Ngethuba lokwakha, i-geotextile ngaphezu kwe-geomembrane ithatha i-natural lap joint, kunye ne-geotextile kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-geomembrane lithatha i-seaming okanye i-welding air eshushu.I-hot air welding yindlela yokudibanisa ekhethiweyo ye-filament geotextiles, oko kukuthi, sebenzisa umpu womoya oshushu ukutshisa ngokukhawuleza ukudibanisa kwamaqhekeza amabini kwimo yokunyibilika, kwaye ngoko nangoko usebenzise amandla athile angaphandle ukuze uwabophe ngokuqinileyo kunye..Kwimeko yemozulu emanzi (imvula kunye nekhephu) apho i-thermal bonding ayinakwenziwa, enye indlela ye-geotextiles - indlela yokuthunga, kukusebenzisa umatshini wokuthunga okhethekileyo wokuthunga imisonto emibini, kwaye usebenzise i-sutures yekhemikhali ye-UV-resistant.
Ububanzi obuncinci yi-10cm ngexesha lokuthunga, i-20cm ngexesha lendalo yendalo, kunye ne-20cm ngexesha le-welding yomoya oshushu.
5. Ukuthunga, intambo ye-suture yomgangatho ofanayo kunye ne-geotextile kufuneka isetyenziswe, kwaye intambo ye-suture kufuneka yenziwe ngezinto eziphathekayo ezinokumelana nokutshatyalaliswa kweekhemikhali kunye ne-ultraviolet irradiation.
6. Emva kokuba i-geotextile ibekwe, i-geomembrane iya kubekwa emva kokuvunywa kwenjineli ejongene ne-site.
7. I-geotextile kwi-geomembrane ibekwe njengasentla emva kokuba i-geomembrane ivunyiwe yi-Party A kunye nomphathi.
8. Amanani ee-geotextiles zomaleko ngamnye zi-TN kunye ne-BN.
9. Imigangatho emibini ye-geotextile ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwe-membrane kufuneka ifakwe kwi-anchoring groove kunye ne-geomembrane kwindawo kunye ne-anchoring groove.
Iimfuno ezisisiseko zokubeka i-geotextiles:
1. Umdibaniso kufuneka udibanise nomgca we-slope;apho ilungelelaniswe nonyawo oluthambekileyo okanye apho kunokubakho uxinzelelo, umgama phakathi kwendawo ethe tyaba kufuneka ube mkhulu kune-1.5m.
2. Kwi-slope, qinisa enye isiphelo se-geotextile, uze ubeke ikhoyili phantsi kwi-slope ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-geotextile igcinwe kwi-taut state.
3. Zonke i-geotextiles kufuneka zicinezelwe ngeengxowa zesanti.Iingxowa zesanti ziya kusetyenziswa ngexesha lokubeka kwaye ziya kugcinwa kude kube ngumgangatho ophezulu wezinto eziphathekayo.
Iimfuno zenkqubo yokubeka i-Geotextile:
1. Ukuhlolwa kweengcambu zengca: Jonga ukuba umgangatho wengca ugudile kwaye uqinile.Ukuba kukho nawuphi na umcimbi wangaphandle, kufuneka uphathwe ngokufanelekileyo.
2. Ukuvavanywa kovavanyo: Qinisekisa ubungakanani be-geotextile ngokwemiqathango yesayithi, kwaye uzame ukuyibeka emva kokusika.Ubungakanani bokusika kufuneka buchaneke.
3. Khangela ukuba ububanzi besaladi bufanelekile, i-lap joint kufuneka ibe tyaba, kwaye i-tightness kufuneka ibe yimodareyitha.
4. Ukubeka indawo: Sebenzisa umpu womoya oshushu ukuze udibanise iindawo ezidibeneyo ze-geotextiles ezimbini, kwaye umgama phakathi kwamanqaku okudibanisa kufuneka ulungele.
5. I-sutures kufuneka iqonde kwaye i-stitches kufuneka ifane xa udibanisa iindawo eziwelayo.
6. Emva kokuthunga, khangela ukuba i-geotextile ibekwe phantsi kwaye ingaba kukho iziphene.
7. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na into enganelisiyo, kufuneka ilungiswe kwangethuba.
Ukuzijonga kwaye uzilungise:
a.Zonke i-geotextiles kunye ne-seams kufuneka zihlolwe.Iziqwenga ze-geotextile ezineziphene kunye ne-seams kufuneka ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo kwi-geotextile kwaye zilungiswe.
b.I-geotextile egugileyo kufuneka ilungiswe ngokubeka kunye nokudibanisa nge-thermal amaqhekeza amancinci e-geotextile, ubuncinane ubude be-200mm kuzo zonke iindlela kunomda wesiphako.Uxhulumaniso lwe-thermal kufuneka lulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-patch ye-geotextile kunye ne-geotextile ziboshwe ngokuqinileyo ngaphandle komonakalo kwi-geotextile.
c.Ngaphambi kokuphela komhla wokubekwa, yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo kumphezulu wazo zonke i-geotextiles ezibekwe ngosuku ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo ezonakalisiweyo ziphawulwe kwaye zilungiswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba indawo yokubeka ikhululekile kwizinto zangaphandle ezinokuthi . unobangela umonakalo, ezifana iinaliti ecikizekileyo, intsimbi encinane Nail njl.
d.Ezi mfuno zilandelayo zobugcisa kufuneka zifezekiswe xa i-geotextile yonakalisiwe kwaye ilungiswa:
e.Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukugcwalisa imingxuma okanye iintanda kufuneka zifane ne-geotextile.
f.Isiqwenga kufuneka sandise ubuncinci be-30 cm ngaphaya kwe-geotextile eyonakalisiweyo.
g.Ngezantsi kwe-landfill, ukuba ukuqhekeka kwe-geotextile kudlula i-10% yobubanzi bekhoyili, inxalenye eyonakalisiweyo kufuneka inqunyulwe, kwaye ke ii-geotextiles ezimbini zixhunyiwe;ukuba i-crack idlula i-10% yobubanzi bekhoyili kwi-slope, kufuneka ibe Susa umqulu kwaye ubeke endaweni entsha.
h.Izicathulo zokusebenza kunye nezixhobo zokwakha ezisetyenziswa ngabasebenzi bokwakha akufanele zilonakalise i-geotextile, kwaye abasebenzi bokwakha akufanele benze nantoni na kwi-geotextile ebekwe enokuthi yonakalise i-geotextile, njengokutshaya okanye ukuxubha i-geotextile ngezixhobo ezibukhali.
i.Ukukhusela izixhobo ze-geotextile, ifilimu yokupakisha kufuneka ivulwe ngaphambi kokubeka i-geotextiles, oko kukuthi, umqulu omnye ubekwe kwaye umqulu omnye uvuliwe.Kwaye jonga umgangatho wembonakalo.
j.Isiphakamiso esikhethekileyo: Emva kokuba i-geotextile ifikile kwindawo, ukwamkelwa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-visa kufuneka kwenziwe ngexesha.
Kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ngokungqongqo inkampani "Geotextile Construction and Acceptance Regulations"
Izilumkiso zokufakelwa kunye nokwakhiwa kwee-geotextiles:
1. I-geotextile inokunqunyulwa kuphela ngommese we-geotextile (i-hook knife).Ukuba inqunywe kwintsimi, amanyathelo okukhusela okhethekileyo kufuneka athathwe kwezinye izinto zokukhusela umonakalo ongadingekile kwi-geotextile ngenxa yokusika;
2. Xa ubeka i-geotextiles, onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko kufuneka athathwe ukukhusela umonakalo kwizinto ezingezantsi;
3. Xa ubeka i-geotextiles, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ungavumeli amatye, ubuninzi bothuli okanye umswakama, njl., ezinokulimaza i-geotextiles, zinokuvala i-drain okanye izihlungi, okanye zingabangela ubunzima bokudibanisa okulandelayo kwi-geotextiles.okanye phantsi kwe-geotextile;
4. Emva kofakelo, yenza uhlolo olubonakalayo kuyo yonke imiphezulu ye-geotextile ukujonga bonke abanikazi bomhlaba abonakeleyo, baphawule kwaye balungise, kwaye baqinisekise ukuba akukho zinto zangaphandle ezinokubangela umonakalo kwindawo egangathiweyo, njengeenaliti ezaphukileyo kunye nezinye izinto zangaphandle;
5. Ukudityaniswa kwe-geotextiles kufuneka kulandele le migaqo ilandelayo: phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, akufanele kubekho uxhumano oluthe tyaba kwi-slope (ukudibanisa makungaphambanisi kunye ne-contour ye-slope), ngaphandle kwendawo elungiswe.
6. Ukuba i-suture isetyenzisiwe, i-suture kufuneka yenziwe ngokufanayo okanye ngaphezu kwezinto eziphathekayo ze-geotextile, kwaye i-suture kufuneka yenziwe ngezinto ezichasene ne-ultraviolet.Kufuneka kubekho umahluko ocacileyo wombala phakathi kwe-suture kunye ne-geotextile ukuze uhlolwe lula.
7. Nika ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo ukuthunga ngexesha lofakelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho nkunkuma okanye igrabile evela kwikhava yegrabile engena phakathi kwe-geotextile.
Umonakalo kunye nokulungiswa kwe-geotextile:
1. Kwi-junction ye-suture, kuyimfuneko ukubuyisela kwakhona kunye nokulungiswa, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ukuphela kwe-skip stitch kuye kwafakwa kwakhona.
2. Kuzo zonke iindawo, ngaphandle kokuthambekela kwamatye, ukuvuza okanye iindawo eziqhekekileyo kufuneka zilungiswe kwaye zithungwe ngeepatches ze-geotextile zezinto ezifanayo.
3. Ngaphantsi kwe-landfill, ukuba ubude bokuqhekeka budlula i-10% yobubanzi bekhoyili, inxalenye eyonakalisiweyo kufuneka inqunywe, kwaye ke iinxalenye ezimbini ze-geotextile zixhunyiwe.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-22-2022